民數記第三課：怨天尤人：民數記十一至十二章
摩西是《聖經》里的重要人物之一。摩西帶領以色列人從埃及吃苦之地出來前往迦南地，就是神給的應許之地。有時候猶太人遵守神的話而聽從摩西，但是他們常常違背神的誡命而拒絕摩西的領導；他們怨天尤人。
一。民數記11章：民眾發怨言：11:1-3：以色列人為什麼發了怨言（普通話本翻譯為“抱怨”）？神的反應如何（兩種反應）？愛人的神怎麼會“怒氣發作”（普通話本翻譯為“發了怒”）？
11:4-6：“閑雜人大起貪慾的心”說了什麼話？他們的記憶力準不準？第二十一世紀的社會上有沒有這種人？（請舉例。）第二十一世紀的教會裡有沒有這種人？（請自我省察“我是否這種人？”）嗎哪等於是神每一個星期當中六天，行在希伯來人眼前的神____。嗎哪也象徵著神對以色列人的愛護，所以他們拒絕嗎哪等於拒絕____（參看11:20）。11:10-15：摩西反應如何？可見，摩西很累也感到很困惑。摩西認為他毫無力量作以色列人的領袖；他認為無論如何，以色列人不與他合____，所以他的任務是作不成____的。因此，摩西向神說些什麼？11:14-15：“管理這百姓的責任太____了，我獨自擔當___ ___。你這樣待我，我若在你眼前蒙恩，求你立時將我___了，不叫我見自己的苦情”。
二。民數記11:16-20：神為摩西解決問題：神用哪兩個方法解決摩西和群眾的問題？11:16-17：摩西要把幾位長老帶來？為什麼？神說他“要把降於[摩西]身上的___分賜他們” 。“靈”字指的是什麼？11:18-20：神叫摩西告訴以色列人他們將要吃___。神說“…要吃一個整月，甚至肉從你們鼻孔里噴出來，使你們厭惡了，因為你們厭棄住在你們中間的耶和華…”此句話時，他的“語調”如何？為什麼?充滿慈愛的神怎麼能生氣?11:21-22：摩西懷疑什麼？你認為摩西的信心軟弱下來了嗎？11:23：請背誦神給摩西的反應：“耶和華對摩西說：‘耶和華的膀臂豈是___ ___了嗎？現在要看我的話向你___ ___不___ ___！’”（請參看以賽亞書50:2, 59:1。）
三。民數記11:24-30：[神的]靈降在七十名長老身上：我們無法知道七十位長老其中的兩位為什麼沒有與其他六十八位一塊兒出來。原因並不一定是因為他們要違背神。神還是接受了他們，讓他的靈將在他們身上。約書亞反應如何？摩西回答約書亞：“你為我的緣故___ ___人嗎？惟願耶和華的百姓都受感說話，願耶和華把他的___降在他們身上！”藉着這句話，我們再次見到摩西的好態度，他的謙虛、他的偉大、他愛人的心。
四。民數記11:31-35：神向以色列人動怒：神怎麼樣讓百姓吃肉？吃了什麼肉？吃了多少肉？你認為這些人犯了哪些罪？神為什麼向以色列人“怒氣就向他們發作，用最重的災殃擊殺了他們”？（請參看詩篇78:23-32；106:11-15。）我們今天的基督徒應該從這件事情中學習什麼?
五。民數記12章：連米利暗和亞倫與摩西作對：12:1-2：解《經》家對摩西的妻子有三個看法與解釋，如下：1）也許,這位“古實女子”就是出埃及記二章（16節及21-22節）所提到的___ ___ ___。如果是，米利暗和亞倫犯了種族歧視罪。2）也許摩西，除了西坡拉以外，另外娶了第二個妻子。3）也許，西坡拉已經死了，所以摩西娶了新的老婆。無論如何，米利暗和亞倫的毀謗和控告不針對西坡拉或新來的那位妻子，乃是針對摩西本人。他們嫉妒摩西，嫉妒摩西與神之間的關係；他們特別嫉妒摩西作以色列人的領袖。(See NIV Study Bible and Clyde M. Woods’ commentary on Numbers: The Living Way Commentary on the Old Testament, Vol. 2: Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. Shreveport, LA: Lambert Book House, 1974.)
六。民數記12:1-2：米利暗和亞倫：“米利暗和亞倫因他所娶的“古實女子”，就毀謗他，說：‘難道耶和華單與摩西說話，不也與我們說話嗎’?”請您回答亞倫和米利暗的問題。（當然答案是“耶和華也與米利暗和亞倫說話”。）米利暗和亞倫是摩西的____和____。除了摩西以外，以色列的領袖們也包括___ ___暗和___ ___。亞倫是___祭司；烏陵和土明在亞倫的手中（出埃及記28:30）。米利暗被稱為“女先知”（出埃及記15:20）。因此，神“與他們說話”過。問題何在？米利暗和亞倫認為他們站“第二位”還不夠！他們要站“第一位”。（當“副總統”和“總理”不夠意思；他們要當“總統”。但是，請問，一個國家能同時有兩個“總統”嗎？如果亞倫和米利暗兩個人能取代摩西，他們會感到滿意嗎？）在基督耶穌所設立的教會裡，誰為首？參看：正面：馬太福音20:26；負面：約翰三書9-10節。
七。民數記12:3：摩西的謙虛：“摩西為人極其謙和，勝過世上的眾人”。有人認為此句話不是摩西寫的，乃是以後的人添加在《聖經》里。也許是約書亞對摩西的判斷而加在民數記的。那些解經家的意思是，自己說自己謙虛，並不謙虛！但是，也有解經家不同意這個看法，如下。摩西自稱“謙和”，意思是這樣：米利暗和亞倫針對和控告摩西，但是摩西沒有膽量、口才、和能力為自己而辯護。摩西有膽量面對埃及的法老，求他釋放希伯來人。摩西有能力說出以色列人的罪孽。摩西有膽量為以色列人向神求赦免。但是，摩西沒有膽量、口才、能力等，面對米利暗和亞倫所控告他的話為自己辯護；摩西不會自吹自擂。因此，摩西告訴下代人他“為人極其謙和”。
八。民數記12:4-16：米利暗受罰：神向亞倫和米利暗說什麼責備他們的話？12:9：“耶和華就向他們二人___ ___而去”；神___開了他們。神怎麼樣懲罰米利暗？之後，誰為米利暗求救？最後，米利暗獲得了什麼懲罰？
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Numbers/03: Complaining
Numbers chapters 11-12
1. Numbers 11: The People Murmur: 11:1-3: Why did the Israelites complain? In what two ways did God react? How can a loving God have anger to be aroused? 11:4-6: What did the rabble say? Was their memory accurate? Are there this kind of people in the 21st century? Are there this kind of people in the church in the 21st century? (Each one should ask self, “Am I such a person?”) Manna was a m______ that God performed before the eyes of the Hebrews six days a week. Manna symbolized God’s protection for the Israelites, so in rejecting manna, they were rejecting G___ (see Num. 11:20). 11:10-15: What was Moses’ response? Moses was tired and frustrated. Moses believed that he did not have the strength to be leader of the Israelites; he thought that no matter what, the Israelites would not co-o_______ with him, so he was unable to be s________ in his work. What then did Moses say to God? 11:14-15: “I c_____ c____ all these people by myself; the burden is too h____ for me. If this is how you are going to treat me, put me to d_____ right now—if I have favor in your eyes—and do not let me face my own ruin.”
2. Numbers 11:16-20: God Solves Moses’ Problem: In what two ways did God solve Moses’ problem? 11:16-17: How many elders was Moses to take with him? Why? God said that “I will take of the S______ that is on you and put the Spirit on them.” To what does the word “Spirit” refer? [Note: Chinese has no equivalent to capital letters.] 11:18-20: God told Moses to tell the Israelites that they would eat (what)? What was God’s intonation when he said, “…for a whole month–until it comes out of your nostrils and you loathe it–because you have rejected the LORD, who is among you…”? Why? How can a God of love become angry? 11:21-22: What did Moses doubt? Do you think that Moses’ faith wavered? 11:23: Memorize God’s response to Moses: “Is the LORD’S arm too s_____? You will now see whether or n___ what I say will come t____ for you.” (See Isaiah 50:2, 59:1.)
3. Numbers 11:24-30: [God’s] Spirit Descends on Seventy Elders: We do not know why two of the seventy elders did not go with the other sixty-eight. The reason is not necessarily because they disobeyed God, as God still accepted them and put [his] Spirit on them. What was Joshua’s reaction? Moses replied to Joshua: “Are you j______ for my sake? I wish that all the LORD’s people were prophets and that the LORD would put his S_____ on them!” In this sentence we again see the good attitude of Moses, his humility, his greatness and his love for others.
4. Numbers 11:31-35: God Expresses Anger toward the Israelites: How did God enable the people to eat meat? What meat did they eat? How much meat did they eat? What sins do you think the people committed? Why did God’s anger burn against the people and struck them with a severe plague? (See Psalms 78:23-32; 106:11-15.) What lessons should Christians today learn from this event?
5. Numbers 12: Even Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses: Bible commentators have three explanations regarding Moses’ wife: 1) Perhaps this “Cushite” is the Z_______ of Exodus 2:16, 21, 22. If so, then Miriam and Aaron were guilty of racial discrimination. 2) Perhaps Moses took a second wife in addition to Zipporah. 3) Perhaps Zipporah died and Moses took a new wife. Whatever the case, the slander and complaints spoken by Miriam and Aaron were not aimed at Zipporah or the new wife but at Moses himself. They were jealous of Moses, jealous of Moses’ relationship with God; they were especially jealous of Moses being leader of the Israelites. (See NIV Study Bible and Clyde M. Woods’ commentary on Numbers: The Living Way Commentary on the Old Testament, Vol. 2: Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. Shreveport, LA: Lambert Book House, 1974.)
6 Numbers 12:1-2: “Miriam and Aaron began to talk against Moses… for he had married a Cushite. ‘Has the LORD spoken only through Moses?’ they asked. “Hasn’t he also spoken through us?” Please answer their question. (Of course the answer is “Jehovah had also spoken with Miriam and Aaron.”) Miriam and Aaron were Moses’ s_____ and b______. Besides Moses, the Israelite leaders included M_____ and A_____. Aaron was the h___ priest; in his hands were the Urim and Thummin (Ex. 28:30). Miriam was called a “prophetess” (Ex. 15:20). Therefore, God had spoken through them. So what was the problem? Miriam and Aaron thought that their being in “second place” was not enough. They wanted first place. (To be Vice-President and “Premier” was not enough; they wanted to be “President.” However, can a nation have two presidents? If Miriam and Aaron were to replace Moses, would they be satisfied?) Who is head of the church that Jesus Christ established? Please read: positive: Matthew 20:26; negative: 3 John 9-10.
7. Numbers 12:3: Moses’ Humility: “(Now Moses was a very humble man, more humble than anyone else on the face of the earth.)” Some people believe that this sentence was not written by Moses, but was added to the Bible by someone later. Perhaps this was Joshua’s judgment of Moses and he added it to Numbers. These Bible scholars say that it is not humility to call oneself humble! However, some commentators do not agree with this assessment. In identifying himself as “humble,” Moses meant: Miriam and Aaron opposed and complained against Moses but Moses did not have the courage, verbal skills or strength to argue in his own defense. Moses had the courage to stand in the presence of Egypt’s Pharaoh and plead for him to release the Hebrews. Moses had the courage to tell the Israelites they had sinned. Moses had the courage to ask God to forgive the sins of the Israelites. But Moses did not have the courage, oratory or strength, to face the charges spoken by Miriam and Aaron and defend himself; Moses could not toot his own horn. So he told later generations that he was very humble. (Clyde M. Woods’ commentary on Numbers.)
8. Numbers 12:4-16: Miriam is Punished: What words of rebuke did God speak to Aaron and Miriam? 12:9: “The a____ of the LORD b_____ against them, and he l____ them;” God l____ them. God did God punish Miriam? Who pleaded on Miriam’s behalf? What punishment was Miriam given after this?
聖經問答
民數記3章：預備起行：民數記十一至十二章
Bible Study Questions: Numbers Lesson Three
Numbers 11-12: Complaining
作者：謝德華 ©By Edward Short
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A series of Bible lessons, written in Chinese
and based largely on the text of the Chinese Bible.
You may download and print copies of this lesson
for use in your Bible class.
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